Adenomyosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the womb grows into the muscular wall of the uterus. It can cause heavy, painful periods, although some people have no symptoms at all.
Adenomyosis most often causes heavy periods and period pain that is stronger than usual. Other symptoms can include pelvic pain between periods, bloating, a feeling of heaviness in the lower tummy and pain during sex. Some people with the condition notice no symptoms.
Long-term heavy bleeding can lead to iron deficiency anemia, which adds tiredness to the picture.
Adenomyosis and endometriosis are different conditions, although they can occur together. In endometriosis, tissue similar to the womb lining grows outside the uterus, for example on the ovaries. In adenomyosis, the tissue stays inside the uterus but grows into its muscle wall.
A GP usually starts by asking about periods and may examine the tummy. Ultrasound or MRI scans can help confirm the condition. Treatment depends on symptoms and plans for pregnancy. Options a doctor may discuss include painkillers, hormonal treatments such as the hormonal coil (IUS), and in some cases surgery, including hysterectomy. Symptoms often ease after menopause.
Heavy bleeding and pain can make long meetings, travel or standing shifts harder on some days. Easy access to toilets, short breaks, flexible hours and time off for scans and appointments can help people manage their symptoms at work.
Sources: NHS, MedlinePlus.
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