Iron deficiency anemia is a condition where the body does not have enough iron to make enough healthy red blood cells. It is common in women, often because of heavy menstrual bleeding or pregnancy, and can cause tiredness and weakness.
Heavy periods are one of the most common causes in women of working age. Conditions such as fibroids can make periods heavier. Pregnancy raises the body's need for iron, and a diet low in iron can play a part. Bleeding from the stomach or bowel and problems absorbing iron are other possible causes, so a doctor will usually look for the reason.
Low iron often shows up as tiredness and lack of energy. Other common symptoms include shortness of breath, a fast or pounding heartbeat, pale skin and headaches. Some people notice hair loss or unusual cravings for non-food items, such as ice.
A simple blood test can show low hemoglobin and low iron stores. Treatment usually involves iron supplements prescribed by a doctor, together with treating the cause, such as managing heavy periods. Eating iron-rich foods may also help. Do not start iron tablets without medical advice, because the dose and length of treatment need to fit the person.
Constant tiredness can make concentration, long shifts and physical tasks harder. Regular breaks, access to water and snacks and some flexibility while iron levels recover can help.
Sources: NHS, MedlinePlus.
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