Fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. They are made of muscle and fibrous tissue, vary greatly in size, and many people who have them never notice any symptoms.
Many fibroids cause no symptoms and are found by chance during a scan. When symptoms do appear, they can include heavy or painful periods, tummy or lower back pain, needing to pee more often, constipation or bloating, and pain during sex. Heavy bleeding over time can lead to iron deficiency anemia.
The exact cause of fibroids is not known. They are linked to the hormone estrogen and usually shrink after menopause. Fibroids are more common in people who are overweight, have a close relative with fibroids, or are of Black or Asian background.
Fibroids that cause no symptoms often need no treatment. When symptoms are troublesome, a doctor may suggest medicines for pain or heavy bleeding, hormone treatments, or procedures to remove or shrink the fibroids. Plans for future pregnancy affect which options suit each person, so it is worth discussing this with a GP or gynecologist.
Heavy bleeding and pain can make long meetings, travel or physical work difficult on some days. Easy access to toilets, the option to take short breaks and flexibility for medical appointments or surgery recovery can help people manage fibroids at work.
Sources: NHS, MedlinePlus.
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