What Is the Luteal Phase?

When is the luteal phase?

The luteal phase begins the day after ovulation and ends on the day before the next period. In a 28-day cycle, ovulation often happens around day 14, so the luteal phase covers roughly days 15 to 28. Cycle length varies, so the timing is different for each person. Some people search for the "luteal period", but the correct term is the luteal phase. It follows the follicular phase.

What happens during the luteal phase?

After the egg is released, the empty follicle turns into a small structure called the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum makes progesterone, along with some estrogen. Progesterone thickens the lining of the uterus (endometrium) so a fertilized egg could implant. If pregnancy happens, the corpus luteum keeps making hormones. If not, it breaks down, hormone levels fall and the lining sheds as a period.

How long does the luteal phase last?

A typical luteal phase lasts about 12 to 14 days. Its length usually stays more stable than the first half of the cycle, so differences in cycle length mostly come from the follicular phase. A very short luteal phase can sometimes be linked to fertility problems, which a doctor can check.

What is the late luteal phase?

The late luteal phase is the last few days before a period, when progesterone and estrogen drop. Many people notice symptoms at this time, such as bloating, breast tenderness, tiredness, low mood or irritability. These are typical of PMS (premenstrual syndrome). For some, the symptoms are severe and affect work and daily life. In this case, it is worth talking to a GP.

Sources: NHS, NHS, MedlinePlus.