The follicular phase is the first phase of the menstrual cycle. It starts on the first day of a period and ends with ovulation, while follicles in the ovary grow and prepare an egg.
At the start of the cycle, the brain releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This hormone prompts several ovarian follicles to grow, each holding an immature egg. Usually one follicle becomes dominant and keeps developing while the others stop.
The growing follicle makes estrogen, which thickens the lining of the womb. When estrogen peaks, a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation and the phase ends.
The follicular phase is often around 14 days, but its length varies more than any other part of the cycle. Differences in cycle length from person to person, or month to month, mostly come from this phase.
Rising estrogen after the period ends can bring more energy and a better mood for some people, though experiences differ. Some use this pattern for cycle syncing, planning demanding tasks for the days they usually feel strongest.
Very long or unpredictable cycles can be a sign that ovulation is not happening regularly. A GP can check this if your periods are irregular or you are trying to get pregnant.
Sources: Cleveland Clinic, NHS.
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