Urinary incontinence is the unintentional loss of urine, also known as loss of bladder control. It is common after pregnancy and around menopause, and treatment can often help.
The main types are stress, urge and mixed incontinence. Stress urinary incontinence means leaks when coughing, sneezing or exercising. Urge incontinence is a sudden, intense need to pee followed by leaking. Mixed incontinence is a combination of both.
Pregnancy and vaginal birth can stretch and weaken the pelvic floor muscles that support the bladder. Around menopause, lower estrogen levels can affect the tissues of the bladder and urethra. Other risk factors include being overweight, constipation, some medicines and certain health conditions.
Treatment for urinary incontinence depends on the type. Pelvic floor exercises and bladder training are common first steps. A doctor may also suggest lifestyle changes, medicines for urge symptoms or, in some cases, surgery. Incontinence products can help day to day while treatment takes effect.
Incontinence is common but rarely discussed at work. Easy access to clean toilets, sanitary bins in all toilets, regular breaks and flexibility for physiotherapy or GP appointments can help people feel more comfortable. Seeing a GP is the first step, as many people are helped by treatment.
Sources: NHS, MedlinePlus, ACOG.
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