Stress urinary incontinence is the unintentional leaking of urine when pressure on the bladder rises, for example when coughing, sneezing, laughing or exercising. It is usually linked to weakened pelvic floor muscles.
The pelvic floor muscles and the urethral sphincter normally keep the bladder closed. When they are weakened or damaged, a sudden rise in pressure can push urine out. Common causes include pregnancy and vaginal birth, changes around menopause, being overweight, a long-term cough and heavy lifting.
Pelvic floor muscle training is usually the first treatment, often with help from a specialist physiotherapist. Lifestyle steps such as losing excess weight and cutting down on caffeine may also help. If symptoms continue, a doctor may discuss other options, including surgery.
Stress incontinence is about leaks during physical effort. Urge incontinence is a sudden, strong need to pee that is hard to hold. Some people have both, which is called mixed incontinence. Read more about urinary incontinence in general.
Leaks can cause worry and embarrassment, especially in physical jobs or long meetings. Easy access to toilets, regular breaks and the freedom to change clothes privately can make a real difference. A GP can refer people for pelvic floor support, and it is never too late to ask.
Sources: NHS, MedlinePlus.
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