A stillbirth is the death of a baby before or during birth after a set point in pregnancy. The cut-off differs by country: 20 weeks in the US, 24 weeks in the UK, and 28 weeks in the WHO definition used for international comparison.
Stillbirth can have many causes, and sometimes no cause is found. Problems with the placenta are among the most common known causes. Other causes include infections, pre-eclampsia, bleeding, problems with the umbilical cord and conditions in the baby. Smoking, some health conditions and older age can raise the risk.
A change in the baby's movements is one sign that needs checking. If the baby is moving less than usual, or the pattern changes, contact a midwife or maternity unit straight away rather than waiting until the next day. Bleeding, severe tummy pain or fluid leaking also need urgent care.
Hospitals usually offer bereavement care, time with the baby and help with decisions such as tests and funeral arrangements. Grief after stillbirth is deep and personal. Parents can find support from their GP, midwife, counselors and baby loss charities. Partners and families may need support too.
Bereaved parents may need extended leave, and in some countries, including the UK, parental leave rights still apply. A gradual return, flexible hours and colleagues who acknowledge the loss with care can help. Unlike a miscarriage, a stillbirth is often followed by physical recovery from labor as well.
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