Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form on or in an ovary. They are very common, most are harmless and go away on their own, but some can cause pain or other complications.
Most ovarian cysts are linked to the menstrual cycle. These functional cysts form when a follicle that holds an egg does not release it or does not shrink after ovulation. Less often, cysts are caused by abnormal cell growth or by conditions such as endometriosis.
Many cysts cause no symptoms. A cyst is more likely to cause problems if it is large, bursts or twists the ovary. Signs can include pelvic pain, pain during sex, bloating, needing to pee often, feeling full quickly and changes to periods. Sudden severe pelvic pain needs urgent medical help.
The need for treatment depends on the size and look of the cyst, symptoms and whether the person has been through menopause. Many cysts disappear within a few months and are checked with a follow-up ultrasound scan. Large or painful cysts, or ones that look unusual, may need surgery. A GP is the right first step for diagnosis.
Pain and bloating from a cyst can come and go and may make sitting for long periods or physical tasks harder. Scans, specialist appointments and recovery from surgery all take time, so flexibility at work can help.
Sources: NHS, MedlinePlus.
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