A cesarean section (C-section) is a surgical procedure in which a baby is delivered through a cut in the abdomen and uterus. It is used when vaginal birth is not possible or not the safest option.
A C-section can be planned in advance or carried out as an emergency during labor. Common reasons include the baby lying bottom or feet first (breech), problems with the placenta, labor that is not progressing, or concerns about the health of the parent or baby. Some people ask for a planned cesarean after talking through the risks and benefits with their care team.
Most C-sections are done with a spinal or epidural anesthetic, so the person is awake but does not feel pain. The surgeon usually makes a horizontal cut low on the abdomen, just above the pubic hair line. The baby is often born within the first few minutes, and the rest of the operation is spent closing the wound.
Recovery from a C-section usually takes longer than after a vaginal birth, because it is major surgery. Many people need about six weeks before they feel back to normal. Lifting, driving and exercise may need to wait until a doctor or midwife agrees it is safe.
Physical recovery can affect people returning to work after parental leave. A phased return, less lifting for a while and time off for follow-up care can help. Some people later consider VBAC for a future birth, a choice to discuss with a doctor or midwife.
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