X-linked genetic disorders are conditions caused by changes (variants) in genes on the X chromosome. Because males have one X chromosome and females have two, these disorders often affect males and females differently.
Most X-linked disorders follow a recessive pattern. A male has only one X chromosome, so one changed gene is usually enough to cause the condition. A female has two X chromosomes, so she is often a carrier with mild or no symptoms. When a mother is a carrier, each son has a 50% chance of being affected and each daughter has a 50% chance of being a carrier. An affected father passes his X chromosome to all his daughters, but not to his sons.
Well-known X-linked conditions include hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, fragile X syndrome and red-green color blindness. Some X-linked conditions follow a dominant pattern, which means one changed copy can affect females too.
Turner syndrome is not an X-linked disorder in the usual sense. It is a chromosomal condition in which a female has one X chromosome missing or partly missing. It is usually not inherited. Turner syndrome can affect growth and ovary function, so it is important in reproductive health. It is often diagnosed with karyotyping.
People with a family history of an X-linked condition can ask a GP about referral for genetic counseling and testing. Testing can show whether someone is a carrier and help them understand their options before or during pregnancy.
Sources: MedlinePlus, MedlinePlus, NHS.
It’s time to create workplaces where women’s well-being isn’t just acknowledged but prioritized, because when women thrive, businesses succeed.
Join the movement
Whole Health Programs for Women and Employers
We help create healthier, more inclusive workplaces where women and businesses thrive.
.svg)
Sign up for our newsletter to be the first to get your hands on the latest on womens health in the workplace.
