What Is Menopause?

What does menopause mean?

The medical definition of menopause is a single point in time: the day 12 months after the last period. The years leading up to it, when hormone levels change and symptoms often start, are called perimenopause. The time after it is called postmenopause. In everyday speech, people often use the word menopause for this whole transition. Menopause can also happen earlier because of surgery to remove the ovaries, some cancer treatments or other medical reasons.

What are the symptoms of menopause?

Common symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, sleep problems, low mood or anxiety, brain fog, joint aches, vaginal dryness and changes to periods before they stop. Symptoms vary a lot from person to person. Some people have few, while others find them hard to live with, and they can last for several years.

How is menopause treated?

Menopause itself is natural and does not always need treatment. When symptoms affect daily life, a GP can discuss options such as HRT, other medicines, talking therapies and lifestyle changes. Lower estrogen after menopause also raises the risk of osteoporosis and heart disease, so regular health checks matter.

How can menopause affect work?

Menopause symptoms often arrive at a busy point in a career. Hot flashes, poor sleep and trouble concentrating can affect focus and confidence at work. Helpful adjustments include control over temperature, access to cold water and toilets, flexible hours, breathable uniforms and time off for appointments. Open, respectful conversations make it easier to ask for support.

Sources: WHO, NHS, MedlinePlus.