What Is IVF (In Vitro Fertilization)?

How does IVF work step by step?

An IVF cycle follows several stages, each guided by a fertility clinic:

• Fertility medicines stimulate the ovaries to produce several eggs.
• The eggs are collected in a short procedure, usually under sedation.
• The eggs are mixed with sperm, or a single sperm is injected into each egg (ICSI).
• One embryo is transferred to the uterus a few days later; others may be frozen.
• A pregnancy test follows about two weeks after the transfer.

Who might be offered IVF?

IVF may be offered for blocked fallopian tubes, low sperm count, endometriosis, unexplained infertility or when other treatments have not worked. Same-sex couples and single people may also use IVF with donor sperm or eggs. Success rates depend strongly on age and the cause of infertility, and a specialist can explain the chances in each case.

How can IVF affect work?

IVF treatment involves many scans and blood tests, often booked at short notice and early in the morning. Egg collection and embryo transfer usually need time off. The process can also be emotionally demanding. Flexible hours, discreet time off for appointments and a manager who keeps details private can help people manage treatment alongside work.

Sources: NHS, MedlinePlus, WHO.