Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a treatment that replaces hormones the body makes less of during perimenopause and menopause, mainly estrogen. It is used to relieve symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats and mood changes.
HRT tops up estrogen levels that fall around menopause. It can ease hot flushes, night sweats, low mood, sleep problems and vaginal dryness for many people. HRT can also help protect against bone thinning (osteoporosis), which becomes more common after menopause.
Estrogen comes as tablets, skin patches, gels or sprays. People who still have a uterus usually also take a progestogen to protect the womb lining. Vaginal estrogen is a local treatment for dryness and irritation that does not treat other menopause symptoms.
Common side effects of HRT in the first months include breast tenderness, headaches and spotting, which often settle. Some types of HRT carry small increases in certain risks, such as blood clots or breast cancer, depending on the type and the person's health. A doctor can explain the balance of benefits and risks for each individual. Learn more about HRT and the perimenopause transition.
Menopause symptoms can affect sleep, focus and confidence at work. For some people, HRT makes these symptoms easier to manage. It may take a few weeks or months to find the right type, so time for GP reviews and supportive conversations with managers can be useful.
Sources: NHS, MedlinePlus.
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