What Is Birth Control?

What are the main types of birth control?

Birth control methods fall into a few broad groups. Each group works in a different way, and some people combine two methods.

• Hormonal methods: the pill, patch, vaginal ring, injection and implant.
• Intrauterine methods: the hormonal IUD and the copper IUD (Intrauterine Device).
• Barrier methods: external and internal condoms, diaphragms and caps.
• Fertility awareness: tracking the cycle to find fertile days, sometimes with an app.
• Permanent methods: sterilization, such as tubal ligation or vasectomy.

How effective are different contraceptive methods?

Long-acting methods such as the implant and the IUD are among the most effective, because they do not depend on remembering to take or use something. The pill, patch and ring work well when used correctly every time. Condoms and fertility awareness methods depend more on consistent use. Condoms are the only method that also lowers the risk of sexually transmitted infections.

Can hormonal contraception affect mood or health?

Hormonal contraception can cause side effects in some people, such as irregular bleeding, headaches or mood changes, while others notice none. Some people also ask about hormonal birth control and ADHD. A GP, nurse or sexual health clinic can talk through options, medical history and any side effects.

Sources: NHS, WHO, MedlinePlus.